The basics
What are PFAS, and why do they matter in Arizona?
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a family of thousands of man-made chemicals used in firefighting foam, non-stick cookware, water-repellent fabrics, and industrial coatings. They are called “forever chemicals” because many of them break down very slowly and build up in people, animals and the environment over time.
The EPA finalized enforceable Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for six PFAS compounds in 2024, including PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, and HFPO-DA, with the limit for PFOA and PFOS set at 4.0 parts per trillion (ppt). Part of that rule is being reconsidered in 2026; where it stands is in the questions at the bottom of this page. The EPA links PFAS exposure to kidney and testicular cancer, a reduced immune response, developmental effects in children, and elevated cholesterol.
In Arizona, ADEQ reports PFAS detections in public drinking water systems statewide and maps the results. Near Luke Air Force Base in the West Valley, a water utility’s supply wells tested above the EPA’s 2016 PFAS health advisory, and in Tucson high PFAS concentrations have been found in groundwater at the Tucson International Airport Area site. A private well is on nobody’s sampling list but yours.
Sources: EPA, PFAS drinking water regulation · EPA, health risks of PFAS · ADEQ, PFAS and private wells and Luke Air Force Base area data · EPA, Tucson International Airport Area.